Operators

Tundra’s operators fall into these categories:

Precedence (highest → lowest):

1. Primary

   • identifiers, literals, parenthesized expressions
   • array indexing arr[i], field access obj.f, argument-less calls fn()

2. Call

   • function calls: fn(arg1, arg2)

3. Exponentiation

   • **

4. Unary

   • prefix -, not

5. Factor

   • *, /, //, %

6. Term

   • +, -

7. Bitwise AND

   • &

8. Bitwise OR

   • |

9. Bitwise XOR

   • ^

10. Comparison

    • <, <=, >, >=

11. Equality

    • ==, !=

12. Logical AND

    • and

13. Logical OR

    • or

14. Assignment

    • =, +=, -=, …, **=

Example:

var x = 2 + 3 * 4         # 14
var y = (2 + 3) * 4       # 20
var z = not true or false # false
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)

Bytecode

== == Disassembled Bytecode == ==
0000 Line    2    LoadConstant(0, Value { value: Int(2) })
0001 Line    2    Move(1, 0)
0002 Line    2    LoadConstant(2, Value { value: Int(3) })
0003 Line    2    Move(3, 2)
0004 Line    2    LoadConstant(4, Value { value: Int(4) })
0005 Line    2    Multiply(5, 3, 4)
0006 Line    2    Add(4, 1, 5)
0007 Line    2    DefineGlobal(4, "x")
0008 Line    3    LoadConstant(4, Value { value: Int(2) })
0009 Line    3    Move(5, 4)
0010 Line    3    LoadConstant(1, Value { value: Int(3) })
0011 Line    3    Add(3, 5, 1)
0012 Line    3    Move(1, 3)
0013 Line    3    LoadConstant(5, Value { value: Int(4) })
0014 Line    3    Multiply(6, 1, 5)
0015 Line    3    DefineGlobal(6, "y")
0016 Line    4    LoadConstant(6, Value { value: Bool(true) })
0017 Line    4    LoadConstant(1, Value { value: Bool(false) })
0018 Line    4    Equal(5, 6, 1)
0019 Line    4    Move(1, 5)
0020 Line    4    LoadConstant(6, Value { value: Bool(false) })
0021 Line    4    BitwiseOr(7, 1, 6)
0022 Line    4    DefineGlobal(7, "z")
0023 Line    5    GetGlobal(7, "x")
0024 Line    5    Print(7)
0025 Line    6    GetGlobal(7, "y")
0026 Line    6    Print(7)
0027 Line    7    GetGlobal(7, "z")
0028 Line    7    Print(7)
0029 Line    8    Return(7)

Output

14

20

false

Note

* Classes are not yet implemented in Tundra